Effectiveness of Robotic-Assisted Gait Training in Enhancing Functional Mobility in Post-Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: Gait impairment is among the most disabling sequelae of stroke, limiting independence and quality of life. Conventional gait rehabilitation, while effective, is restricted by variability in intensity, therapist burden, and limited task-specific repetition. Robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) has emerged as a technology-driven intervention that enables high-intensity, repetitive, and controlled gait cycles, potentially enhancing neuroplasticity and recovery outcomes in post-stroke patients. Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of RAGT compared with conventional gait training (CGT) in improving gait speed, balance, and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients recovering from stroke. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 50 post-stroke patients assigned to RAGT or CGT groups. Each group received 30-minute sessions, five days per week, for four weeks. Primary outcomes included gait speed, Berg Balance Scale scores, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Assessments were performed at baseline, post-intervention, and four-week follow-up. Data was analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and independent t-tests with significance set at p<0.05. Results: RAGT produced significantly greater improvements in gait speed (+0.28 m/s vs. +0.16 m/s, p<0.001), balance (+10.4 vs. +6.2 points, p<0.001), and ADL performance (+12.4 vs. +7.5 FIM points, p<0.01) compared to CGT, with benefits sustained at follow-up. No serious adverse events were observed. Conclusion: RAGT significantly enhances gait speed, balance, and functional independence compared with CGT, supporting its clinical integration as an effective intervention in post-stroke rehabilitation. Future studies should investigate long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness.