Comparative Efficacy of Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation and Conventional Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Abstract

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition that impairs motor, sensory, and cognitive functions, significantly reducing quality of life. Virtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional therapy. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of VR-based rehabilitation versus conventional therapy in improving balance, mobility, fatigue, and quality of life in MS patients. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 54 MS patients were divided into two groups: VR-based rehabilitation (n=27) and conventional therapy (n=27). Both groups underwent thrice-weekly sessions over eight weeks. Outcomes measured included balance (Berg Balance Scale), mobility (Timed Up and Go test), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale), and quality of life (MS Quality of Life-54). Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and after an eight-week follow-up. Data was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and t-tests. Results: The VR group demonstrated greater improvements in balance (BBS: 44.1 ± 4.2 vs. 39.3 ± 4.8, p<0.001), mobility (TUG: 9.2 ± 1.7 vs. 11.4 ± 2.1 seconds, p<0.001), and fatigue (FSS: 3.1 ± 0.5 vs. 4.3 ± 0.6, p<0.001) compared to the conventional group. Quality of life also improved significantly in the VR group (p<0.01). Conclusion: VR-based rehabilitation is more effective than conventional therapy in enhancing functional outcomes and quality of life in MS patients, making it a valuable addition to therapeutic strategies.